In cases of ischemic stroke, OEF helps us understand the efficiency of oxygen utilization in compromised brain regions. Studies have shown that during a stroke, the affected brain areas may have altered OEF due to restricted blood flow. By closely monitoring these changes, physicians can make more informed decisions about interventions like thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy, potentially improving patient outcomes.

In oncology, particularly in conditions like recurrent glioblastoma, understanding OEF is crucial for evaluating tumor microenvironments. Treatment with drugs like Bevacizumab, aimed at normalizing tumor blood vessels, impacts OEF measurements. Surprisingly, despite the normalization of these vessels, overall tumor oxygenation may worsen, highlighting the complex interplay between tumor biology and therapeutic interventions. This insight prompts a re-evaluation of treatment strategies, aiming for therapies that not only target tumor vessels but also improve the tumor oxygen profile.

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